TYPES
Cognitive Illusions
This type of illusion aroused in the 19th
century by a man named Hermann Helmholtz.
Hermann looked through many picture books
concluding 70% of the pictures he saw were
optical illusions, as it was confusing
because there first were about 20 types of
illusions he narrowed around ten, four major
types into something familiar called
cognitive illusions. Cognitive illusions are
usually/ commonly divided into the following
four sub types:
1. Ambiguous illusions are
pictures or objects that appear completely
different when looking from different
angles, sides, corners and edges.
2. Distorting illusions are
characterized by distortions of size,
length, or curvature. A striking example is
the Café wall illusion. Another example is
the famous Muller-Lyer illusion and
illusions by Zollner.
3. Paradox illusions are generated
by objects that are paradoxical or
impossible, such as the Penrose triangle or
impossible staircases seen, for example, in
M. C. Escher's Ascending and Descending and
Waterfall. The triangle is an illusion
dependent on a cognitive misunderstanding
that adjacent edges must join.
4. Fictional illusions are defined
as the perception of objects that are
genuinely not there to all but a single
observer usually fictional illusions are
induced by something that causes
hallucination like alcohol or drugs examples
includes seeing two or more of the same
object or seeing movement where there is
none.
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